Abstract Background Accumulating evidence suggests that enhanced adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are associated with metabolic disorders in obesity and type 2 diabetes.However, therapeutic persistence and reduced homing stem cell function following cell delivery remains a critical hurdle for the clinical translation of stem cells in current approaches.Methods We demonstrate that the effect of a combined application of photoactivation and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) using transplantation into visceral epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) in obesity.Cultured ASCs were derived from Moisturizing Lotion subcutaneous white adipose tissue isolated from mice fed a normal diet (ND).Results In diet-induced obesity, implantation of light-treated ASCs improved glucose tolerance and ameliorated systemic insulin resistance.
Intriguingly, compared with non-light-treated ASCs, light-treated ASCs reduced monocyte infiltration and the levels of ATMs in EAT.Moreover, implantation of light-treated ASCs exerts more anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing M1 polarization and enhancing macrophage M2 polarization in EAT.Mass spectrometry revealed that light-treated human obese ASCs conditioned medium retained a more complete secretome with significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.Conclusions These data suggest that the combined application Necklaces, Ready-to-Wear,Beads of photoactivation and ASCs using transplantation into dysfunctional adipose tissue contribute to selective suppression of inflammatory responses and protection from insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes.